提起日本,绝大多数人会把动漫、二次元、动作片这几个关键词放进前几名,这也无可厚非,毕竟现在的快节奏的文化输入输出,很容易让人忽略一个国家乃至民族最纯正的底蕴。拂去遮掩在富士山上的云霭,我们会看到什么?除了冷峻的山雪,还有意境之下日本文化里暗涌的“物哀”。
△1934年日本木版画 富士山
物哀物哀,何为物哀?
“物哀是日本江户时代国学大家本居宣长(もとおりのりながMotooriNorinaga)提出的文学理念,也可以说是他的世界观,这个概念简单地说,是“真情流露”。”——百度百科。
如果只是把物哀看做刻板的文学理念,那我们会失去很多关于美的极致体验。理念总是来源于对生活的深刻总结,这个世界万物都是随性生长的,没有说刻好一个模子然后让美和情感在里面规矩成长,倘若如此,制作出来的美总带着人为的刻意。而日本的物哀文化是流动在他们血液里的基因,只不过有的人丢失,有的人不断拾起,不断拾起的人一言一行唏嘘感叹造就了物哀之美。
△1935日本木版画 梅门
“物”是实体,是被我们所欣赏感叹的承载情感的客体;
“哀”是虚体,是一种有感于物的审美情感,不仅仅流于字面上的哀,它泛指一切自然流露的情感,但仍是以哀为主,因为“悲与美是相通的。”
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